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3 résultats pour « antibiotics »
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Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance

Quality control of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market by the GPHF-Minilab kit

Medicines of lower and falsified qualities (MLFQ) are a real public health problem. They are responsible for some drug resistance to antibiotics and several deaths worldwide. Faced with this scourge, quality control of our country's medicines is essential in order to maintain the quality of medicines and ensure a certain safety for patients. To contribute to the fight against MLFQ, we proposed to use the GPHF-Minilab kit to evaluate the quality of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market. This is a descriptive study with analytical purposes on the quality of illicit drugs seized by the police. Medicinal products presented as containing ceftriaxone or cefixime or ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin were collected and analysed according to the instructions of the GPHF-Minilab. The analyses carried out on the 24 samples revealed non-conformities, namely unknown origin (12.5%), lack of batch number (12.5%), package leaflet (16.67%), address of manufacturer (58.33%), absence of expiry date (8.33%) and date of manufacture (4.17%), underdosed active ingredients (4%) or over-dosed active ingredients (13%). As these non-conformities are likely to induce misuse, therapeutic failures or even poisoning, the marketing and consumption of such products should be avoided. The Minilab kit is a relevant, fast, and easy-to-use tool that can contribute to the evaluation of the quality of the drug at checkpoints in our country to fight against this gangrene.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 14 📥
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Santé Humaine Résistance aux antimicrobiens

Prevalence of Beta-lactam Resistance Genes (Bla Genes) in Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Infections at a University Hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Aim: The overall objective of this study was to characterise the bla genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance in two major strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) involved in bacterial infections and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Study Design: The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to various classes of antibiotics in general, and to the beta-lactam class in particular, is showing a worrying trend in Côte d’Ivoire and around the world. This resistance is due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) encoded by bla genes. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from August 2022 to February 2024 in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) at the Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast (IPCI), at the Cocody site, specifically within the Unit for Antibiotics, Natural Substances, and Surveillance of Microorganisms and Anti-Infective Agents (ASSURMI). Methodology: These strains were isolated from biological samples collected from various hospital departments. A total of 40 Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and antibiotic susceptibility testing (antibiogram) was performed using the Mueller-Hinton agar diffusion method. Genes conferring resistance to Beta-lactams were detected using conventional PCR. Results: The strains studied were Escherichia coli (25) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15). Seventy-five per cent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (Escherichia coli: 19/25; Klebsiella pneumoniae: 11/15). High resistance rates ranging from 52.63% to 100% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, and third-generation cephalosporins (cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime) were observed. The Beta-lactam resistance genes detected were blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-8, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M- with prevalence rates of 60%, 50%, 35%, 32.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The co-expression rate of the resistance genes was 22,5 %, 17,5 %, 15 %, 12,5 %, 7,5 % et 2,5 %, respectively, for the associations blaTEM /blaCTX-M-8, blaTEM /blaCTX-M 1, blaSHV /blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV /blaCTX-M-8, blaTEM / blaSHV, blaTEM / blaSHV / blaCTX-M-1. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence and persistence of bla genes that have been under surveillance for many years, with an increase in the prevalence of certain genes.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 22 📥
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Santé Humaine Résistance aux antimicrobiens

Antibiotic Resistance and Detection of Qnr Genes in isolated Uropathogenic Bacteria from Patients with Urinary Catheters

Antibiotic resistance in bacteria is a serious global public health problem. This study aimed to characterize antibiotic resistance genes in patients with urinary catheters. The study involved bacterial strain collection, antibiotic susceptibility testing, and molecular characterization for the detection of genes mediated by fluoroquinolone resistance. A total of 81 strains were collected. Strain distribution showed that Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent species (44.44%, n=36). Resistance profiling showed that coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains (n=12) and Acinetobacter baumannii strains (n=5) expressed 100% resistance to cefoxitin and all tested beta-lactam antibiotics, respectively. Acinetobacter baumannii was resistant to ciprofloxacin (100%, n=5). However, amikacin showed greater activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=28) and Acinetobacter baumannii (n=5) strains, with 25% and 0% activity, respectively. Molecular gene characterization identified the qnr A, qnr B, and qnr S genes. The strains exhibited a high diversity of resistance genes, with 12.5%, 77.5%, and 60% observed in qnr A, qnr B, and qnr S, respectively. Co-expression of fluoroquinolone resistance genes was demonstrated in 30 strains. This study highlights the high prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and underscores the crucial role of microbiological and molecular surveillance of bacteria. The results highlight the need for rigorous antibiotic management to prevent the spread of resistant strains.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 22 📥