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Santé Animale Faune sauvage et réservoirs

Non-invasive genomics of respiratory pathogens infecting wild great apes using hybridisation capture

Human respiratory pathogens have repeatedly caused lethal outbreaks in wild great apes across Africa, leading to population declines. Nonetheless, our knowledge of potential genomic changes associated with pathogen introduction and spread at the human-great ape interface remains sparse. Here, we made use of target enrichment coupled with next generation sequencing to non-invasively investigate five outbreaks of human-introduced respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees living in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. By retrieving 34 complete viral genomes and three distinct constellations of pneumococcal virulence factors, we provide genomic insights into these spillover events and describe a framework for non-invasive genomic surveillance in wildlife.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 7 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Simulium Nuisances among Local Population in Guiembé, Poro Region , Côte d’Ivoire

Background: Onchocerciasis (river blindness) was a major cause of blindness with significant socio-economic impacts. In endemic regions like Côte d'Ivoire, understanding community knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preventive measures promoted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control and Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN 2016-present). This study assessedthe knowledge, attitudes, and practices of rural populations in Guiembé toward Simulidian nuisances. Methods: Cluster random sampling was used to select 120 adults for the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to subjects. Data on knowledge of the local name, cause, mode of transmission, manifestation, severity, treatment, and prevention of onchocerciasis were collected and analysed. Results: The studied population was predominantly male (68.3%) and had limited access to secondary education. Their primary professional activity was agriculture (84.2%). A high proportion of respondents (95.5%) reported at least one blackfly bite, primarily occurring in fields (45.8%) and near rivers (35.0%). Itching was identified as the main effect of the bites, reported by 98.3% of respondents. Grasses were perceived as the primary factor promoting the proliferation of these flies. Blackfly biting activity was more intense during the afternoon (58.3%), with a clear preference for the legs (79.2%). Regarding prevention methods, the majority of respondents (90.8%) stated they simply wore clothing for protection. In contrast, after a bite, most respondents (83.3%) took no specific measures to alleviate symptoms. Conclusion: This study reveals a high level of exposure to black fly bites, combined with a lack of knowledge of their bioecology among residents, leading to ongoing exposure. The low uptake of post-bite curative measures highlights significant gaps in community knowledge and practice. Strengthening health education, as well as promoting preventive strategies and appropriate post-bite care, could improve the uptake and effectiveness of onchocerciasis control interventions in rural Guiembé.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 8 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Evaluation of knowledges and experiences of female genital schistosomiasis among healthcare workers in gynecology services in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Female genital schistosomiasis (FGS), a serious clinical form of urinary schistosomiasis, is widespread in sub-Saharan Africa but little-known in Côte d'Ivoire. The objective of this study was to assess practitioners' knowledge and experience of FGS in Abidjan. Data were collected using a questionnaire from March to October 2024 in healthcare centers in Abidjan among 281 healthcare workers in gynecology and obstetrics services. Only 57% of respondents identified Schistosoma haematobium as the causative agent, and the mode of transcutaneous contamination was known by very few (0.46%). Infertility and the risk of HIV infection were recognized as consequences of the disease by 20.1% and 9.6% of respondents, respectively. The pelvic examination to confirm FGS was known by only 11% of practitioners. For treatment, 66.7% of practitioners were aware of praziquantel. However, mass drug administration with praziquantel as a prevention method was not well-known (4.55%). Regarding experience with FGS, only 5% of respondents had ever suspected or experienced cases in their facility, and in 50% of these cases, the specific treatment used was praziquantel. This study highlights that FGS is not well-known by practitioners, and health professionals' lack of information about the disease can lead to poor treatment. Implementing training and awareness-raising programs for healthcare personnel will help prevent consequences for women in areas at risk of urinary schistosomiasis.

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Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne
👁 19 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Knowledge of patients and interest of Rapid Diagnostic Tests (RTDs) for uncomplicated malaria efficient management in community pharmacies of Côte d’Ivoire

For better management of malaria, WHO recommends early biological diagnosis for rapid treatment. In Côte d'Ivoire, due to difficulties associated with the use of microscopy in primary health care facilities, the biological diagnosis of malaria relies mainly on RDTs. Private pharmacies play an important role in the outpatient healthcare using RDTs to diagnose malaria. The aim of this study was to determine knowledge of patients and frequency of malaria cases using RDTs among patients in private pharmacies of Côte d’Ivoire. This cross-sectional survey was carried out from June to November 2020 among patients in three private pharmacies. Questionnaire was administered to individuals after informed consent to assess knowledge and collect sociodemographic data. Blood samples were taken from patients and the "ABON™ Plus Malaria P.f /Pan" RDT was performed on each sample. Of 450 subjects sampled, 33.3% (150/450) were RDTs positive. Plasmodium falciparum was the only species identified. The majority of the population (93.4%) revealed that the mode of transmission of malaria is mosquito bites. The main symptom of patients was fever (85.6%). The main ways of malaria prevention mentioned by patients were the use of insecticides (80%) and mosquito nets (73.5%). The majority of patients (74.6%) justified biological confirmation by detecting parasite in blood. This study shows the importance of confirming suspected cases of malaria in all contexts, in order to avoid misuse of anti-malarial drugs in pharmacies.

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Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne
👁 19 📥