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18 résultats pour « Côte d’Ivoire »
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Population genetic structure of Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma haematobium  Schistosoma bovis hybrids among school-aged children in Coˆ te d’Ivoire

While population genetics of Schistosoma haematobium have been investigated in West Africa, only scant data are available from Côte d ’ Ivoire. The purpose of this study was to analyze both genetic variability and genetic structure among S. haematobium populations and to quantify the frequency of S. haematobium  S. bovis hybrids in school-aged children in different parts of Côte d ’ Ivoire. Urine samples were subjected to a fi ltration method and examined microscopically for Schistosoma eggs in four sites in the western and southern parts of Côte d ’ Ivoire. A total of 2692 miracidia were collected individually and stored on Whatman  FTA cards. Of these, 2561 miracidia were suc- cessfully genotyped for species and hybrid identi fi cation using rapid diagnostic multiplex mitochondrial cox1 PCR and PCR Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of the nuclear ITS2 region. From 2164 mira- cidia, 1966 (90.9%) were successfully genotyped using at least 10 nuclear microsatellite loci to investigate genetic diversity and population structure. Signi fi cant differences were found between sites in all genetic diversity indices and genotypic differentiation was observed between the site in the West and the three sites in the East. Analysis at the infrapopulation level revealed clustering of parasite genotypes within individual children, particularly in Duekoue (West) and Sikensi (East). Of the six possible cox1-ITS2 genetic pro fi les obtained from miracidia, S. bovis cox1  S. haematobium ITS2 (42.0%) was the most commonly observed in the populations. We identi fi ed only 15 miracidia (0.7%) with an S. bovis cox1  S. bovis ITS2 genotype. Our study provides new insights into the population genetics of S. haematobium and S. haematobium  S. bovis hybrids in humans in Côte d ’ Ivoire and we advocate for researching hybrid schistosomes in animals such as rodents and cattle in Côte d ’ Ivoire.

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Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne
👁 18 📥
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Santé Environnementale Résistance aux antimicrobiens en environnement

Antibiotic Resistance of Enterobacteria Isolated from Medicinal Plant Powders Marketed in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

Objective: Medicinal plant powders are widely used in Côte d’Ivoire for treating various ailments and are often marketed without rigorous health controls. This lack of regulation increases the risk of contamination by pathogenic bacteria, particularly antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria, which poses a significant challenge for infection control. Methods: This study aimed to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility of enterobacteria isolated from 100 samples of medicinal powders sold in different markets in Abidjan. Bacterial identification was performed using biochemical and proteomic methods (MALDI-TOF). Antibiotic susceptibility testing was conducted using the agar diffusion method, following the EUCAST/CASFM 2024_V1.0 guidelines Results: A total of 48 enterobacterial strains were isolated, including Enterobacter hormaechei (21), Escherichia coli (18), Citrobacter freundii (2), Enterobacter asburiae (2), Klebsiella pneumoniae (2), Enterobacter cloacae (1), Enterobacter bugandensis (1), and Cronobacter sakazakii (1). Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that 54.16% of the strains were resistant to at least one antibiotic, with the highest resistance rates observed for pefloxacin (25%) and ertapenem (12.5%). Resistance to ertapenem, a carbapenem frequently used as a last-resort treatment, is particularly concerning. Conclusions: The presence of enterobacteria in these samples suggests fecal contamination, reflecting poor hygienic conditions. These findings highlight the potential risk posed by medicinal plant powders as vectors of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. Implementing strict quality control measures and enhanced surveillance of antibiotic resistance is crucial to reducing their impact on public health.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 25 📥
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Santé Animale

Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enterica strains in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from markets in Abidjan

Salmonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacilli, causing illnesses in humans, such as typhoid fever, which remain major public health concerns. Based on biochemistry and genomic data, Salmonella is divided into many serovars. In West Africa, Salmonella infection in humans and in food matrices is reported each year. Recently, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella represents a high risk for public health. In Côte d’Ivoire, poultry activities and poor hygiene conditions contribute to the emergence of Salmonella infection. The main objective of this study is to detect Salmonella species strains in chicken from local markets in the city of Abidjan. Four sampling sites in the Abidjan district were selected in the local markets of Yopougon (Siporex and Bagnon), Songon, Adjamé, and Abobo. Several chicken intestines (Gallus gallus domesticus) were collected in batches of in each market. The pre-treatment of solation was performed with classic methods for Salmonella-Shigella (SS). Biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted for all isolated strains. The target of the invasive gene (invA) of Salmonella was used for molecular confirmation and DNA sequencing. Among the 22 Salmonella spp. isolates studied, 68% (15/22) of the poultry strains underwent biochemical testing (oxidase, catalase, Gram stain, and motility), with five strains testing positive. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed strong resistance to ampicillin and pefloxacin, and weak resistance to gentamicin and clavulanic acid. Furthermore, 59% (13/22) of the isolates were positive by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity to the reference strain Salmonella Enterica serovar Paratyphi. These findings demonstrate the circulation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains in poultry in Côte d’Ivoire and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to enhance food safety.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 30 📥
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Santé Animale

Cultivable Opportunistic Bacterial Diversity and Seasonal Patterns in Water and Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from Semi-Intensive Aquaculture Systems in Côte d’Ivoire: Case of Anyama and Aboisso

Tilapia aquaculture (Oreochromis niloticus) is an important sector for food security in Côte d’Ivoire, but faces increasing sanitary risks from bacterial infections. This study aimed to characterize cultivable opportunistic bacteria isolated from rearing water and fish organs (skin, intestine, liver, and kidney) in semi-intensive aquaculture systems in Anyama and Aboisso, and to examine seasonal patterns in their abundance and distribution. Water and fish samples were collected during the dry and rainy seasons. Bacterial isolation was performed using conventional culture-based methods on selective and differential media, followed by identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The diversity of cultivable isolates was assessed using the Shannon index (H′), and non-parametric statistical tests were applied to evaluate seasonal variation. Three cultivable opportunistic bacterial species were identified: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Macrococcus caseolyticus. No significant seasonal difference was observed in the diversity index across the studied matrices. These results indicate relative temporal stability in the distribution of the recovered cultivable bacterial isolates under the present study conditions. However, because the study relied on targeted fish sampling and culture-dependent methods, the findings should be interpreted with caution and limited to the cultivable fraction of opportunistic bacteria, which may not reflect the full microbial diversity of aquaculture systems. To cultivable opportunistic bacteria. This work provides baseline data for microbiological monitoring of tilapia aquaculture systems in southern Côte d’Ivoire.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 18 📥
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Santé Humaine Résistance aux antimicrobiens

Prevalence of Beta-lactam Resistance Genes (Bla Genes) in Multidrug-Resistant Strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Infections at a University Hospital in Abidjan, Ivory Coast

Aim: The overall objective of this study was to characterise the bla genes responsible for beta-lactam resistance in two major strains of Enterobacteriaceae (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) involved in bacterial infections and producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases. Study Design: The resistance of Enterobacteriaceae to various classes of antibiotics in general, and to the beta-lactam class in particular, is showing a worrying trend in Côte d’Ivoire and around the world. This resistance is due to the production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) encoded by bla genes. Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted from August 2022 to February 2024 in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) at the Pasteur Institute of Ivory Coast (IPCI), at the Cocody site, specifically within the Unit for Antibiotics, Natural Substances, and Surveillance of Microorganisms and Anti-Infective Agents (ASSURMI). Methodology: These strains were isolated from biological samples collected from various hospital departments. A total of 40 Enterobacteriaceae strains were identified using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (MS), and antibiotic susceptibility testing (antibiogram) was performed using the Mueller-Hinton agar diffusion method. Genes conferring resistance to Beta-lactams were detected using conventional PCR. Results: The strains studied were Escherichia coli (25) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (15). Seventy-five per cent of the strains were multidrug-resistant (Escherichia coli: 19/25; Klebsiella pneumoniae: 11/15). High resistance rates ranging from 52.63% to 100% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, aztreonam, and third-generation cephalosporins (cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, cefixime) were observed. The Beta-lactam resistance genes detected were blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-8, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M- with prevalence rates of 60%, 50%, 35%, 32.5%, and 7.5%, respectively. The co-expression rate of the resistance genes was 22,5 %, 17,5 %, 15 %, 12,5 %, 7,5 % et 2,5 %, respectively, for the associations blaTEM /blaCTX-M-8, blaTEM /blaCTX-M 1, blaSHV /blaCTX-M-1, blaSHV /blaCTX-M-8, blaTEM / blaSHV, blaTEM / blaSHV / blaCTX-M-1. Conclusion: This study revealed the presence and persistence of bla genes that have been under surveillance for many years, with an increase in the prevalence of certain genes.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 23 📥
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Santé Humaine

Antibiorésistance des souches d’Escherichia coli responsables d’infections urinaires collectées dans le réseau de surveillance de janvier à décembre 2024 au Centre National de Référence pour les Antibiotiques, Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire

Cette étude se propose de décrire les différents phénotypes de résistance des souches d’Escherichia coli afin de surveiller leur émergence. C’est une étude rétrospective de type descriptif de 472 souches d’Escherichia coli responsables d’infection urinaire sur une période allant de douze mois (Janvier-décembre 2024) au Centre National de Référence des antibiotiques de l’Institut Pasteur de Côte d’Ivoire. Au cours de cette étude, 1034 entérobactéries ont été isolées avec 472 souches non répétitives d’Escherichia coli, soit une proportion de 45,7%. Les hommes constituaient 51,8% et les femmes 48,2%, soit un sexe ratio de 1,07. Ces infections concernaient les patients hospitalisés (55%) ainsi que les communautaires (45%). Les adultes et les aînés étaient les plus touchés. L’antibiorésistance des souches d’Escherichia coli a révélé des taux de résistance à l’amoxicilline-acide clavulanique des souches hospitalières (69,6% contre 20,5% en communauté), à la pipéracilline (65,9% contre 58,5%), à la cefepime (64,5% contre 53,1%), à la ciprofloxacine (50,8% contre 45,8%), à la fosfomycine (20,9% contre 12,8%). L’amikacine, la nitrofurantoïne et l’imipenème ont enregistré des taux de résistance inferieurs à 10% dans les deux milieux. Un taux de 37,7% des souches d’Escherichia coli analysées produisaient des béta-lactamases à spectre élargi (BLSE). Les souches d'Escherichia coli productrices de BLSE présentaient des taux de résistance significatifs aux fluoroquinolones, atteignant 67,1% pour la ciprofloxacine et 48,3% pour la lévofloxacine. À l'inverse, elles conservaient une excellente sensibilité aux antibiotiques suivants : amikacine (92,7%), nitrofurantoïne (92,9%) et fosfomycine (82,3%). L'émergence de souches d'Escherichia coli uropathogènes résistantes aux antibiotiques restreint fortement l'arsenal thérapeutique disponible et souligne un enjeu crucial de santé publique. La surveillance régulière permet d'actualiser la stratégie thérapeutique, un élément fondamental pour contrer l'émergence et la dissémination de ces bactéries multirésistantes.

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Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique
👁 32 📥