🔍 Recherche avancée

🧑‍⚕️

Santé Humaine Zoonoses et maladies émergentes

Persistence of Hantavirus circulation in Neoromicia Nanus (banana pipistrelle) in Aboisso, South East Côte d’Ivoire

The hantavirus Mouyassué was first described in 2009 in banana pipistrelle (Neoromicia nanus) near Aboisso South East Côte d’Ivoire. In order to investigate the persistence of hantavirus in this region, eight years later we captured 163 banana pipistrelle in the same region. The use of nested RT -PCR allowed the detection of the virus within 30 banana pipistrelle that represents 18%. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the detected viruses all belonged to the hantavirus Mouyassué virus. These results demonstrated that banana pipistrelle constitute natural host of hantavirus in this area. Given that banana pipistrelles are commonly found in and around villages and frequently roost in the roofs of houses, further investigation is warranted to assess the potential risk of hantavirus transmission to humans.

K

Dr Kouadio Léonce

👁 8 📥

🐾

Santé Animale Faune sauvage et réservoirs

Detection of possible spillover of a novel hantavirus in a Natal mastomys from Guinea

To date, only two rodent-borne hantaviruses have been detected in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we report the detection of a yet unknown hantavirus in a Natal mastomys (Mastomys natalensis) in Méliandou, Guinea, in 2014. The phylogenetic placement of this virus suggests that it might represent a cross-order spillover event from an unknown bat or eulipotyphlan host

K

Dr Kouadio Léonce

👁 8 📥

🧑‍⚕️

Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance Paludisme

Evaluation of the Quality of Artemether-Lumefantrine-based Antimalarials from the Illicit Ivorian Market in West Africa

Background: Counterfeit and substandard medicines represent a severe public health issue, particularly in developing nations where their prevalence exacerbates disease resistance and economic challenges. In addition, many deaths in Côte d'Ivoire could be avoided each year if the drugs prescribed against malaria were compliant with regulations and able to effectively treat the disease. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial combination on the Ivorian illicit market using the GPHF-Minilab® kit. Methods: A total of 15 samples were analyzed through visual inspection, disintegration testing, and TLC for qualitative and semi-quantitative assessments. Results: The findings reveal significant non-conformities, including 20% of samples lacking manufacturer information, 7% without accompanying instructions, and 20% with physical degradation. 93% of samples disintegrated within 30 minutes, meeting pharmacopoeial standards. One sample exceeded the recommended time, indicating substandard manufacturing. Most samples (67%) met active ingredient quantity requirements, but 26% were underdosed, and 7% were overdosed, highlighting manufacturing and storage deficiencies. In view of these results, it appears that the Artemether-lumefantrine drugs seized on the illegal market in Côte d'Ivoire are not of good quality. Conclusion: The GPHF-Minilab® proves a reliable tool for identifying substandard and counterfeit drugs in resource-limited settings, though further validation is required for broader applications. These results underscore the need for stringent regulatory frameworks, public education, and expanded quality control initiatives.

N

Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul

👁 12 📥

🧑‍⚕️

Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance

Quality control of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market by the GPHF-Minilab kit

Medicines of lower and falsified qualities (MLFQ) are a real public health problem. They are responsible for some drug resistance to antibiotics and several deaths worldwide. Faced with this scourge, quality control of our country's medicines is essential in order to maintain the quality of medicines and ensure a certain safety for patients. To contribute to the fight against MLFQ, we proposed to use the GPHF-Minilab kit to evaluate the quality of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market. This is a descriptive study with analytical purposes on the quality of illicit drugs seized by the police. Medicinal products presented as containing ceftriaxone or cefixime or ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin were collected and analysed according to the instructions of the GPHF-Minilab. The analyses carried out on the 24 samples revealed non-conformities, namely unknown origin (12.5%), lack of batch number (12.5%), package leaflet (16.67%), address of manufacturer (58.33%), absence of expiry date (8.33%) and date of manufacture (4.17%), underdosed active ingredients (4%) or over-dosed active ingredients (13%). As these non-conformities are likely to induce misuse, therapeutic failures or even poisoning, the marketing and consumption of such products should be avoided. The Minilab kit is a relevant, fast, and easy-to-use tool that can contribute to the evaluation of the quality of the drug at checkpoints in our country to fight against this gangrene.

N

Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul

👁 14 📥

🧑‍⚕️

Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance

Molecular characterization of Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire

Schistosomiasis remains a great public health problem in several tropical and subtropical countries. Recently in Côte d’Ivoire, we have investigated hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis in human urine samples. Moreover, S. haematobium x S. mansoni hybrid has recently been identified in a French hospital in a migrant boy originated from Duekoué, western part of the country. The aim of this project was to molecularly characterize Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two localities of Côte d'Ivoire (Agboville and Duekoué). Stool samples were collected from schoolchildren and examined by Kato-Katz method to identify Schistosoma eggs. Miracidia were individually isolated and stored on Whatman ® FTA card. We analyzed miracidia from stool samples using a Cox1 gene multiplex PCR. Nuclear ITS gene has not been analyzed. A total of 661 schoolchildren was included in this study. More boys than girls (61.9% vs. 38.1%) were included and the highest proportion of children was included in Agboville. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 9.8% (95% CI: 4.8-13.5%). Of the 239 miracidia molecularly analyzed, 166 yielded positive PCR signal (82.5% in Agboville and 17.5% in Duekoué). Only one case of S. haematobium Cox1 has been identified in Agboville. This case should be hybrid S. haematobium x S. mansoni. Our study reports that intestinal schistosomiasis remains prevalent even if the infection rate was low. Only one case of S. haematobium Cox1 was identified, suggesting the presence of S. haematobium x S. mansoni hybrids at very low prevalence.

A

Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne

👁 23 📥

🌿

Santé Environnementale Résistance aux antimicrobiens en environnement

Identification of Environmental Fungal Species in Clinical Services of University Hospital of Angre, Abidjan (Cote d’Ivoire)

Introduction: In hospital’s environment, hygiene of premises and ambient air quality are essential for healthcare. Airborne fungal agents constitute a health concern for patients in these premises. Objective: To identify the fungal agents of the environment in the clinical services of University Hospital of Angre. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in the clinical services of the University Hospital of Angre from February to May 2024. Samples were taken by swabbing and exposing sterile Petri dishes to the air; then they were plated on Sabouraud-Chloramphenicol medium and incubated in oven at 37° C. Identification of yeast strains was performed using chromogenic medium and the VITEK 2 Ò Compact. Molds identification was based on the macroscopic characteristics and microscopic examination of colonies. Results: Among 429 samples, 206 positive cultures (48%) with a higher positivity rate in the surgical emergency service (93.1%). The most isolated fungal agents were molds (84%) with Aspergillus niger at 41.4%. Candida parapsilosis and Candida krusei species were the most prevalent yeasts isolated respectively at 42.3% and 23.1%. The frequency rate of fungal species was correlated to clinical services and sampling sites (p<0.001). The implementation of rigorous hygiene measures and regular decontamination of fungal niches should be systematically to avoid possible nosocomial infections.

A

Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne

👁 25 📥

🐾

Santé Animale

Detection of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Enterica strains in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from markets in Abidjan

Salmonella is a genus of Gram-negative bacilli, causing illnesses in humans, such as typhoid fever, which remain major public health concerns. Based on biochemistry and genomic data, Salmonella is divided into many serovars. In West Africa, Salmonella infection in humans and in food matrices is reported each year. Recently, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Salmonella represents a high risk for public health. In Côte d’Ivoire, poultry activities and poor hygiene conditions contribute to the emergence of Salmonella infection. The main objective of this study is to detect Salmonella species strains in chicken from local markets in the city of Abidjan. Four sampling sites in the Abidjan district were selected in the local markets of Yopougon (Siporex and Bagnon), Songon, Adjamé, and Abobo. Several chicken intestines (Gallus gallus domesticus) were collected in batches of in each market. The pre-treatment of solation was performed with classic methods for Salmonella-Shigella (SS). Biochemical characterization and antibiotic susceptibility testing were conducted for all isolated strains. The target of the invasive gene (invA) of Salmonella was used for molecular confirmation and DNA sequencing. Among the 22 Salmonella spp. isolates studied, 68% (15/22) of the poultry strains underwent biochemical testing (oxidase, catalase, Gram stain, and motility), with five strains testing positive. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed strong resistance to ampicillin and pefloxacin, and weak resistance to gentamicin and clavulanic acid. Furthermore, 59% (13/22) of the isolates were positive by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the invA gene. Phylogenetic analysis showed a high similarity to the reference strain Salmonella Enterica serovar Paratyphi. These findings demonstrate the circulation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains in poultry in Côte d’Ivoire and highlight the need for continuous surveillance to enhance food safety.

K

Dr KONAN Kouadio Fernique

👁 30 📥