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301
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6
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1992
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Santé Humaine

18 publications
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Santé Animale

7 publications
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Santé Environnementale

3 publications
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Santé Végétale

2 publications
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Multisectoriel

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Genetic Diversity, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Screening, and Potential Public Health Implications of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Man-Made Lakes and Surrounding Vegetables
Multisectoriel Approche One Health multi-interface Resistance aux antimicrobiens multi-secteurs

Genetic Diversity, Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Screening, and Potential Public Health Implications of Gram-Negative Bacteria Recovered from Man-Made Lakes and Surrounding Vegetables

The emergence and dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing bacteria pose a major public health threat, necessitating a One Health approach to addressing this threat. Thus, the diversity, ESBL production, and potential public health implications of Gram-negative bacteria recovered from man-made lakes and surrounding lettuce in Yamoussoukro, Côte d’Ivoire were assessed in this study. Also, the lakes’ physicochemical parameters were assessed and correlated with bacteria community using Pearson correlation. A total of 68 Gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered from the samples and identified via 16S rDNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis suggested multiple genus-/species-level variations within the isolates. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent in lake water (39.5%), while Acinetobacter was the dominant genus in lettuce (30%). E. coli isolates showed high resistance to ampicillin (90.9%), cefepime (72.7%), cefotaxime (68.2%), and aztreonam (63.6%). Moreover, ESBL production was confirmed in E. coli isolates (22.05%), predominantly mediated by the blaCTX-M gene. Multidrug-resistant phenotypes were widespread, yielding similar multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) values in water (0.27–0.63) and lettuce (0.27–0.81). These data indicate high environmental contamination, which unfortunately is not being taken into account by lettuce producers according to an interview. Statistical analyses showed a significant relationship between bacterial diversity and lakes’ physicochemical parameters, including dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity. The basic education level of farmers, the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli, and the high prevalence of MDR Gram-negative bacteria in both environmental and crop sources in Yamoussoukro underscore the need for both integrated surveillance and management strategies to mitigate potential microbial public health risks within a One Health framework.

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Dr FOSSOU Kouakou Romain
👁 67 📥
Whole-Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveals Plant Growth-Promoting Properties and Biocontrol Potential of the Crotalaria retusa Endophytic Bacillus velezensis Strain G2T39
Santé Végétale Agriculture durable et One Health Fusariose

Whole-Genome Sequencing and Analysis Reveals Plant Growth-Promoting Properties and Biocontrol Potential of the Crotalaria retusa Endophytic Bacillus velezensis Strain G2T39

Bacillus velezensis strain G2T39 is an endophytic bacterium previously isolated from Crotalaria retusa L., with evidenced biocontrol activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Cubense and Fusarium graminearum. In this study, it was shown that this strain also exhibited biocontrol activity against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Vasinfectum, two important crop pathogens in tropical zones. Comprehensive phylogenetic and genomic analyses were performed to further characterize this strain. The genome of B. velezensis G2T39 consists of a single circular chromosome of 4,040,830 base pairs, with an average guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 46.35%. Both whole-genome-based phylogeny and average nucleotide identity (ANI) confirmed its identity as B. velezensis, being closely related to biocontrol and plant growth promotion Gram-positive model strains such as B. velezensis FZB42. Whole-genome annotation revealed 216 carbohydrate-active enzymes and 14 gene clusters responsible for secondary metabolite production, including surfactin, macrolactin, bacillaene, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, and difficidin. Genes involved in plant defense mechanisms were also identified. Additionally, G2T39 genome harbors multiple plant growth-promoting traits, such as genes associated with nitrogen metabolism (nifU, nifS, nifB, fixB, glnK) and a putative phosphate metabolism system (phyC, pst glpQA, ugpB, ugpC). Additional genes linked to biofilm formation, zinc solubilization, stress tolerance, siderophore production and regulation, nitrate reduction, riboflavin and nicotinamide synthesis, lactate metabolism, and homeostasis of potassium and magnesium were also identified. These findings highlight the genetic basis underlying the biocontrol capacity and plant growth-promoting properties of B. velezensis G2T39 and support its potential application as a sustainable bioinoculant in agriculture.

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Dr FOSSOU Kouakou Romain
👁 51 📥
Fusarium antagonism potential and metabolomics analysis of endophytic bacteria isolated from Crotalaria retusa L., a traditional medicinal plant in Côte d'Ivoire
Santé Végétale

Fusarium antagonism potential and metabolomics analysis of endophytic bacteria isolated from Crotalaria retusa L., a traditional medicinal plant in Côte d'Ivoire

64 endophytic bacteria were isolated from roots, stems, and leaves of Crotalaria retusa L., a medicinal plant well-known for its antimicrobial properties in Côte d'Ivoire. Taxonomic characterization revealed that these bacteria were mainly dominated by the genera Pseudomonas, Rhizobium, Bacillus, and Inquilinus. The antagonistic activities of the endophytic bacteria against two phytopathogenic fungi affiliated with the genus Fusarium were tested using in vitro coculture. Isolates belonging to the genus Inquilinus showed the highest inhibitory activities against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, ranging from 40% to 57%, while the highest inhibitory activities against Fusarium graminearum were obtained with Bacillus isolates (∼66%). Finally, a metabolomic study of the leaves, stems, and seeds of the plant and of the endophytes presenting antifungal activity was carried out using LC-MS/MS analysis of the methanolic extracts of all active endophytic isolates. The identified metabolites of interest from the endophytes were mainly peptides, lipids, and steroids. Two pyrrolizidine alkaloids, monocrotaline and senecionine, were detected in the plant organs but not in the endophytic bacterial extracts. These results highlighted the potential of C. retusa L. plant and its endophytic microbiome as a source of bioactive molecules of interest and biocontrol agents against phytopathogenic Fusarium spp.

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Dr FOSSOU Kouakou Romain
👁 58 📥
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Santé Humaine Résistance aux antimicrobiens

Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation in Multidrug-Resistant Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Clinical Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa est une bactérie Gram-négative opportuniste, responsable d'infections nosocomiales, dotée d'un arsenal pathogène complexe. L'objectif de cette étude était de caractériser simultanément le potentiel de résistance, virulence et de formation de biofilms chez des souches cliniques. Au total, 104 souches cliniques de P. aeruginosa (sang (26), selles (26), pus (26) et urine (26) ont fait l'objet de cette étude. Le test de diffusion de Mueller-Hinton, le test d'agglutination et le test de diffusion sur disque combiné ont respectivement permis de déterminer phénotypiquement le profil de résistance, les sérogroupes et la production de métallo-β-lactamase. Les supports de virulence, de résistance et de formation de biofilm ont été détectés par PCR. Les souches de P. aeruginosa étaient résistantes à l'aztréonam (76,4 %), à la ticarcilline (62,4 %), à la pipéracilline (32,4 %), à l'imipénème (17,1 %), au céfépime (14 %) et à la ceftazidime (8,5 %). Ceftazidime (8,3 %). Les sérogroupes O11 (22,1 %), O7 (18,3 %), O16 (16,3 %), et O9 (14,4 %) ont été principalement déterminés dans les souches cliniques. La prévalence totale des gènes de métallo-β lactamase était de 12,5 % (blaIMP) et de 11,5 % (blaVIM). Par ordre décroissant, les gènes de virulence exoS (55,8 %), plcH (48,1 %), LasB (47,1%), pilB (42,3%) et algD (41,3%) ont été détectés (p < 0,05). Le biofilm médian biofilm médian formé en 48 heures varie de 0,4 à 3,3. Les souches cliniques hébergeaient les gènes de biofilm gènes de biofilm pelA (28,8%) et pslA (23,1%). En conclusion, cette étude met en évidence l'importance de la résistance, de la virulence et des capacités de formation de biofilms des souches cliniques de Pseudomonas aeruginosa. En établissant le profil de 104 souches, nous avons constaté des taux élevés de résistance à de multiples antibiotiques, avec des sérogroupes notables et une prévalence considérable de métallo-β, ce qui constitue un défi pour le traitement. En outre, les principaux gènes de virulence et les gènes associés au biofilm étaient prévalent, soulignant le potentiel pathogène de ces souches. Ces résultats soulignent l'importance de la caractérisation des facteurs de pathogénicité en tant que stratégie précieuse pour la surveillance et la gestion de la bactérie P. aeruginosa, en particulier dans les établissements de santé où ces infections sont fréquentes et difficiles à traiter.

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Dr oby wayoro
👁 73 📥
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Santé Animale Maladies animales transmissibles à l'homme

Lassa Virus in Multimammate Rats, Côte d’Ivoire, 2013

La fièvre de Lassa est une maladie zoonotique causée par le virus Lassa (LASV), dont le principal réservoir est le rat multimammé (Mastomys natalensis). Bien que la maladie soit principalement endémique en Guinée, au Liberia, en Sierra Leone et au Nigeria, peu de données étaient disponibles sur la circulation du virus en Côte d’Ivoire. Cette étude avait pour objectif de déterminer si le virus Lassa circulait chez les rongeurs sauvages dans différentes régions écologiques du pays. Entre août et octobre 2013, les chercheurs ont capturé 281 petits mammifères (254 rongeurs et 27 insectivores) dans quinze villages situés autour de Korhogo, Bouaké et du Parc national de Taï. Les espèces ont été identifiées par analyses morphologiques et génétiques, puis les tissus pulmonaires ont été analysés par RT-PCR en temps réel afin de détecter l’ARN du virus Lassa. Les résultats ont montré la présence du virus chez 4 des 18 spécimens de Mastomys natalensis capturés dans le village de Gbalôhô, près de Korhogo, soit une prévalence de 22,2 %. Tous les animaux infectés avaient été capturés à l’intérieur des habitations, ce qui met en évidence un risque potentiel de transmission du virus à l’être humain. Les analyses phylogénétiques ont révélé que les souches détectées en Côte d’Ivoire étaient étroitement apparentées à celles identifiées au Mali ainsi qu’à la souche AV isolée chez un patient allemand ayant voyagé en Afrique de l’Ouest. Les analyses évolutives suggèrent que ces virus partagent un ancêtre commun ayant circulé il y a environ 90 ans. Cette étude constitue la première preuve de la circulation du virus Lassa chez son réservoir naturel en Côte d’Ivoire. Elle démontre que le nord du pays, en particulier la région de Korhogo, représente une zone potentielle d’endémie et souligne l’importance de renforcer la surveillance des rongeurs, le diagnostic des cas humains et les actions de sensibilisation afin d’améliorer la détection et la prévention de la fièvre de Lassa

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 71 📥
🐾
Santé Animale Virologie vétérinaire

Multiple DNA viruses identified in multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis) populations from across regions of sub‑Saharan Africa

The multimammate mouse (Mastomys natalensis; M. natalensis) serves as the main reservoir for the zoonotic arenavirus Lassa virus (LASV), and this has led to considerable investigation into the distribution of LASV and other related arenaviruses in this host species. In contrast to the situation with arenaviruses, the presence of other viruses in M. natalensis remains largely unexplored. In this study, herpesviruses and polyomaviruses were identified and partially characterized by PCR methods, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. In tissues sampled from M. natalensis populations in Côte d’Ivoire and Mali, six new DNA viruses (four betaherpesviruses, one gammaherpesvirus and one polyomavirus) were identified. Phylogenetic analysis based on glycoprotein B amino acid sequences showed that the herpesviruses clustered with cytomegaloviruses and rhadinoviruses of multiple rodent species. The complete circular genome of the newly identified polyomavirus was amplified by PCR. Amino acid sequence analysis of the large T antigen or VP1 showed that this virus clustered with a known polyomavirus from a house mouse (species Mus musculus polyomavirus 1). These two polyomaviruses form a clade with other rodent polyomaviruses, and the newly identified virus represents the third known polyomavirus of M. natalensis. This study represents the first identification of herpesviruses and the discovery of a novel polyomavirus in M. natalensis. In contrast to arenaviruses, we anticipate that these newly identified viruses represent a low zoonotic risk due to the normally highly restricted specificity of members of these two DNA virus families to their individual mammalian host species.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 75 📥
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Santé Animale Faune sauvage et réservoirs

Non-invasive genomics of respiratory pathogens infecting wild great apes using hybridisation capture

Human respiratory pathogens have repeatedly caused lethal outbreaks in wild great apes across Africa, leading to population declines. Nonetheless, our knowledge of potential genomic changes associated with pathogen introduction and spread at the human-great ape interface remains sparse. Here, we made use of target enrichment coupled with next generation sequencing to non-invasively investigate five outbreaks of human-introduced respiratory disease in wild chimpanzees living in Taï National Park, Ivory Coast. By retrieving 34 complete viral genomes and three distinct constellations of pneumococcal virulence factors, we provide genomic insights into these spillover events and describe a framework for non-invasive genomic surveillance in wildlife.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 63 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice toward Simulium Nuisances among Local Population in Guiembé, Poro Region , Côte d’Ivoire

Background: Onchocerciasis (river blindness) was a major cause of blindness with significant socio-economic impacts. In endemic regions like Côte d'Ivoire, understanding community knowledge, perceptions, and behaviors is crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preventive measures promoted by the African Programme for Onchocerciasis Control and Expanded Special Project for Elimination of Neglected Tropical Diseases (ESPEN 2016-present). This study assessedthe knowledge, attitudes, and practices of rural populations in Guiembé toward Simulidian nuisances. Methods: Cluster random sampling was used to select 120 adults for the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to subjects. Data on knowledge of the local name, cause, mode of transmission, manifestation, severity, treatment, and prevention of onchocerciasis were collected and analysed. Results: The studied population was predominantly male (68.3%) and had limited access to secondary education. Their primary professional activity was agriculture (84.2%). A high proportion of respondents (95.5%) reported at least one blackfly bite, primarily occurring in fields (45.8%) and near rivers (35.0%). Itching was identified as the main effect of the bites, reported by 98.3% of respondents. Grasses were perceived as the primary factor promoting the proliferation of these flies. Blackfly biting activity was more intense during the afternoon (58.3%), with a clear preference for the legs (79.2%). Regarding prevention methods, the majority of respondents (90.8%) stated they simply wore clothing for protection. In contrast, after a bite, most respondents (83.3%) took no specific measures to alleviate symptoms. Conclusion: This study reveals a high level of exposure to black fly bites, combined with a lack of knowledge of their bioecology among residents, leading to ongoing exposure. The low uptake of post-bite curative measures highlights significant gaps in community knowledge and practice. Strengthening health education, as well as promoting preventive strategies and appropriate post-bite care, could improve the uptake and effectiveness of onchocerciasis control interventions in rural Guiembé.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 62 📥
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Santé Humaine Zoonoses et maladies émergentes

Persistence of Hantavirus circulation in Neoromicia Nanus (banana pipistrelle) in Aboisso, South East Côte d’Ivoire

The hantavirus Mouyassué was first described in 2009 in banana pipistrelle (Neoromicia nanus) near Aboisso South East Côte d’Ivoire. In order to investigate the persistence of hantavirus in this region, eight years later we captured 163 banana pipistrelle in the same region. The use of nested RT -PCR allowed the detection of the virus within 30 banana pipistrelle that represents 18%. Phylogenetic analysis confirmed that the detected viruses all belonged to the hantavirus Mouyassué virus. These results demonstrated that banana pipistrelle constitute natural host of hantavirus in this area. Given that banana pipistrelles are commonly found in and around villages and frequently roost in the roofs of houses, further investigation is warranted to assess the potential risk of hantavirus transmission to humans.

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Dr Kouadio Léonce
👁 64 📥

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