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Santé Humaine Nutrition et alimentation

Évaluation de la conformité des denrées alimentaires analysées au Laboratoire National de Santé Publique Côte d’Ivoire de 2018 à 2023)

Introduction Le contrôle des aliments reste un élément clé de leur qualité. En effet, l’absence de cette action peut impacter la santé des populations. L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer la conformité des denrées alimentaires au Laboratoire National de Santé Publique (LNSP) de 2018 à 2023. Méthodes L’étude était de type transversal descriptif et s’est déroulée en Avril 2025. Elle a porté sur l’exploitation des archives électroniques des résultats d’analyse générée au Laboratoire National de Santé Publique de 2018 à 2023. Ces données ont ensuite été saisies et traitées à l’aide du logiciel EXCEL 2021. Résultats Le LNSP a généré 1053 certificats d’analyse. Parmi ces certificats, 469 (44%) certificats étaient conformes, 301 (29%) certificats étaient non-conformes et 283 (27%) certificats étaient non-applicables (NA). Le statut des échantillons était significatif en 2022 avec 74 (36%) certificats non-conformes, en 2023 avec 184 (57%) certificats conformes et en 2019, 2021, 2022 et 2023 avec environ 30% des certificats non-applicables. Conclusion Les autorités doivent mettre en place les spécifications de conformité des denrées alimentaires locales. Message de santé publique Renforcer les contrôles des denrées alimentaires pour garantir la sécurité sanitaire des aliments sur le marché.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 13 📥
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Santé Humaine Résistance aux antimicrobiens

Expérience de l’utilisation du linézolide dans la prise en charge des infections à staphylocoques multirésistants au CHU d’Angré (Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire) de 2022 à 2025. A propos d’une série de 8 cas

La vancomycine est le traitement de référence des infections à staphylocoques multirésistants. Toutefois, en cas d’impossibilité le linézolide, chef de file de la classe des oxazolidinones et mis sur le marché au début des années 2000 constitue une alternative de choix. En Côte d’Ivoire, il n’est utilisé depuis 2024 que dans la prise en charge de la tuberculose multirésistante, il a été possible de recevoir du linézolide sous forme de solution pour perfusion. Ainsi, 9 patients ont pu en bénéficier. Il s’agissait de patients atteints d’infections à staphylocoques multirésistants, pour lesquels il y avait peu d’alternatives. Les situations étaient variées, tant en termes d’âge (aussi bien des enfants que des patients de gériatrie), que de localisation du foyer infectieux (infections ostéoarticulaires, pleuropulmonaires, septicémies). Mais tous les cas ont été traités avec succès. Cette série de cas confirme ainsi l’intérêt de l’introduction du linézolide dans l’arsenal thérapeutique, à condition qu’il soit utilisé comme antibiotique de réserve pour préserver son efficacité.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 7 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales Paludisme

Antimalarial Drugs with Quinoline Nucleus and Analogs. In Malaria-Transmission, Diagnosis and Treatment.

Quinoline core antimalarials are a major class used for the management of uncomplicated malaria in combination with artemisinin derivatives. Moreover, despite its adverse effects, Quinine remains the reference molecule in the treat-ment of cerebral malaria due to Plasmodium falciparum. This class also contains molecules such as Mefloquine used in the prevention of malaria. In addition, synthetic derivatives are more manageable with greater therapeutic margins and fewer adverse effects. They have an interest in avoiding the spread of resistance, especially with derivatives possessing gametocytocidal activities. With the presence of a chloroquine-resistant strain of Plasmodium, the use of synthetic derivatives as monotherapy is prohibited to avoid the spread of resistance in this class. In this chapter, we propose to present the class of antimalarials with a quinoline nucleus under its pharmacochemical aspects as well as the prospects for its development to preserve and improve the effectiveness of its representatives in the management of malaria.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 10 📥
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Santé Humaine Maladies infectieuses et tropicales

Synthesis and Anticandidal Activity of New 6-Chloroimidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Derivatives

Aims: The general objective assigned to this work was to contribute to the pharmacochemical development of new antifungal drugs derived from 6-Chloroimidazo [1,2-a]pyridine.This preliminary study was conducted on Candida parapsilosis, which is an increasingly difficult organism to treat. Methodology: The imidazo [1,2-a] pyridinylacrylonitriles designed by juxtaposition of bioactive entities were synthesized in three steps. Firstly, this involves the synthesis of the imidazopyridine core via cyclocondensation. Then,its functionalization at position 2 with an acetonitrile group, and finally condensation of the resulting intermediate with various aromatic aldehydes Results: A total of ten derivatives of (6-chloroimidazo [1,2-a]pyridin-2-yl)-phenylacrylonitrile were obtained, with yields ranging from 63% to 92%. The biological evaluation focused on the antifungal activity of these compounds against a clinical strain of Candida parapsilosis, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 19.36 µM to 89.38 µM. Structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis revealed that the nature and position of the substituent on the aryl ring significantly modulate antifungal efficacy. These findings highlight the pharmacochemical relevance of electron-withdrawing or polarizable substituents in enhancing antifungal activity. Conclusion: Due to their innovative profile combining a functional chain and a bioactive pharmacophore, these novel imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine hybrids appear as promising candidates for the development of potent antifungal agents, particularly against Candida species.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 9 📥
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Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance Paludisme

Evaluation of the Quality of Artemether-Lumefantrine-based Antimalarials from the Illicit Ivorian Market in West Africa

Background: Counterfeit and substandard medicines represent a severe public health issue, particularly in developing nations where their prevalence exacerbates disease resistance and economic challenges. In addition, many deaths in Côte d'Ivoire could be avoided each year if the drugs prescribed against malaria were compliant with regulations and able to effectively treat the disease. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of artemether-lumefantrine antimalarial combination on the Ivorian illicit market using the GPHF-Minilab® kit. Methods: A total of 15 samples were analyzed through visual inspection, disintegration testing, and TLC for qualitative and semi-quantitative assessments. Results: The findings reveal significant non-conformities, including 20% of samples lacking manufacturer information, 7% without accompanying instructions, and 20% with physical degradation. 93% of samples disintegrated within 30 minutes, meeting pharmacopoeial standards. One sample exceeded the recommended time, indicating substandard manufacturing. Most samples (67%) met active ingredient quantity requirements, but 26% were underdosed, and 7% were overdosed, highlighting manufacturing and storage deficiencies. In view of these results, it appears that the Artemether-lumefantrine drugs seized on the illegal market in Côte d'Ivoire are not of good quality. Conclusion: The GPHF-Minilab® proves a reliable tool for identifying substandard and counterfeit drugs in resource-limited settings, though further validation is required for broader applications. These results underscore the need for stringent regulatory frameworks, public education, and expanded quality control initiatives.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 8 📥
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Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance

Quality control of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market by the GPHF-Minilab kit

Medicines of lower and falsified qualities (MLFQ) are a real public health problem. They are responsible for some drug resistance to antibiotics and several deaths worldwide. Faced with this scourge, quality control of our country's medicines is essential in order to maintain the quality of medicines and ensure a certain safety for patients. To contribute to the fight against MLFQ, we proposed to use the GPHF-Minilab kit to evaluate the quality of some antibiotic molecules seized on the Ivorian illicit market. This is a descriptive study with analytical purposes on the quality of illicit drugs seized by the police. Medicinal products presented as containing ceftriaxone or cefixime or ciprofloxacin or ofloxacin were collected and analysed according to the instructions of the GPHF-Minilab. The analyses carried out on the 24 samples revealed non-conformities, namely unknown origin (12.5%), lack of batch number (12.5%), package leaflet (16.67%), address of manufacturer (58.33%), absence of expiry date (8.33%) and date of manufacture (4.17%), underdosed active ingredients (4%) or over-dosed active ingredients (13%). As these non-conformities are likely to induce misuse, therapeutic failures or even poisoning, the marketing and consumption of such products should be avoided. The Minilab kit is a relevant, fast, and easy-to-use tool that can contribute to the evaluation of the quality of the drug at checkpoints in our country to fight against this gangrene.

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Dr N'guessan Deto Ursul Jean-Paul
👁 6 📥
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Santé Humaine

HOUSEHOLDS’ THERAPEUTIC BEHAVIOR: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR COTE DIVOIRE

This article seeks to understand the Ivorian health policy and identify factors justifying the choice of the therapeutic route for Ivorian households. Both the public and private sectors ensure the health supply. The health system is hierarchical, with a clear order of precedence for the public health system. Resources are unevenly distributed in the country, focusing on the District of Abidjan. Health coverage ratios are well below international standards. The demand analysis using the discrete choice model reveals that the choice of health care provider is determined by individual and family factors but also by elements related to their living environment, care quality indicators and the health care supply. The financing mechanism of health costs is also decisive in the choice of households.

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Dr Koffi Christian N'DA
👁 9 📥
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Santé Humaine Santé maternelle et infantile Paludisme

Analyse des déterminants de la performance des agents de santé communautaires: le cas du district sanitaire de Madinani

Après la déclaration d’Alma Ata (1978) et l’initiative de Bamako (1987), les soins de santé primaires sont devenus les piliers de nombreux systèmes de santé à travers le monde. Dans ce contexte, les agents de santé communautaires jouent un rôle crucial. Le défi actuel est la professionnalisation de ces agents en vue de soutenir de manière significative les systèmes de santé et cela n’est possible que si ceux-ci sont performants et atteignent les objectifs qui leur sont assignés. Notre étude qui a consisté à identifier les déterminants de la performance des agents de santé communautaire s’est faite par une régression logistique simple sur les cent trente quatre (134) agents de santé communautaires du district sanitaire de Madinani dans le nord-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire. Avec le soutien de l’ONG Muso, nous avons constitué deux groupes d’ASC : les performants (ayant un taux de couverture supérieur ou égal à 80%) et les non performants (avec un taux de couverture strictement inférieur à 80%). En collaboration avec le district sanitaire, nous avons collecté les données socio-démographiques, socio économiques et contextuelles auprès de tous les ASC à travers un formulaire google renseigné individuellement par chacun des ASC. L’analyse économétrique avec Stata 17 a révélé que des facteurs tels que le sexe masculin, la taille du ménage et la supervision dédiée sont positivement associés à la performance de l’ASC. Cependant, l’âge et le nombre d’année d’expérience élevés ont un lien négatif avec la performance de l’agent de santé communautaire.

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M. ME KOUADIO ARNAUD
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Santé Humaine Épidémiologie et surveillance

Molecular characterization of Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire

Schistosomiasis remains a great public health problem in several tropical and subtropical countries. Recently in Côte d’Ivoire, we have investigated hybrids between S. haematobium and S. bovis in human urine samples. Moreover, S. haematobium x S. mansoni hybrid has recently been identified in a French hospital in a migrant boy originated from Duekoué, western part of the country. The aim of this project was to molecularly characterize Schistosoma mansoni among schoolchildren in Côte d’Ivoire. A cross-sectional study was conducted in two localities of Côte d'Ivoire (Agboville and Duekoué). Stool samples were collected from schoolchildren and examined by Kato-Katz method to identify Schistosoma eggs. Miracidia were individually isolated and stored on Whatman ® FTA card. We analyzed miracidia from stool samples using a Cox1 gene multiplex PCR. Nuclear ITS gene has not been analyzed. A total of 661 schoolchildren was included in this study. More boys than girls (61.9% vs. 38.1%) were included and the highest proportion of children was included in Agboville. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni infection was 9.8% (95% CI: 4.8-13.5%). Of the 239 miracidia molecularly analyzed, 166 yielded positive PCR signal (82.5% in Agboville and 17.5% in Duekoué). Only one case of S. haematobium Cox1 has been identified in Agboville. This case should be hybrid S. haematobium x S. mansoni. Our study reports that intestinal schistosomiasis remains prevalent even if the infection rate was low. Only one case of S. haematobium Cox1 was identified, suggesting the presence of S. haematobium x S. mansoni hybrids at very low prevalence.

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Dr ANGORA Kpongbo Etienne
👁 17 📥

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